U.S. Geological Survey ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Metadata for GNIS Table of Contents Identification_Information Abstract Purpose Supplemental Information Data_Quality_Information Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Entity_and_Attribute_Information Detailed Description Overview Distribution_Information Metadata_Reference_Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Identification_Information Citation_Information Originator: Alhadeff, S. Jack Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Geographic Names Information System for Georgia Edition: 2.0 2.1 Datum change from 1927 to 1983 (North American Datum of 1983) Data Re-projected using North American Datum (NAD83) - September 2000 Series_Information Series_Name: Digital Data Series Publication_Information Publication_Place: Atlanta, GA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://csat.er.usgs.gov/statewide/layers/gnis.html Description Abstract An automated inventory of the names and locations of physical and cultural geographic features located throughout the State of Georgia. Purpose To promote geographic feature name standardization and to serve as the Federal Governments repository of information regarding feature name spellings and applications for features in U.S. The names listed in the inventory can be published on Federal maps, charts, and in other documents. The feature locative information has been used in emergency preparedness, marketing, site-selection and analysis, genealogical and historical research, and transportation routing applications. Supplemental_Information Procedures_Used 1. dataset downloaded from U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA via file transfer protocol (ftp) at site: http://www-nmd.usgs.gov/www/gnis/gnisftp.html 2. gunzip used to decompress file georgia.gz to georgia. 3. ascii file georgia processed into unique data fields using INFO. Define used to create INFO structure and data is read in using GET COPY command. The resulting INFO table is named GNIS.DATA. 4. Using INFO and a unique ID, Latitude and Longitude are extracted into and ascii file. Reselecting for a 2nd Latitude and Longitude (linear features, i.e., streams) results in an additional set of IDs, Latitudes, and Longitudes. This second ascii file is merged with the first file to create the UNIX file gnis.dd OUTPUT ../GNIS.DD LIST $RECNO,LONGITUDE,LATITUDE PRINT). 5. The UNIX file, gnis.dd is edited to remove blanks, extra commas and to add an END to the last line in the file. 6. Using ARC/INFO Generate, a point coverage using the ascii id,longitude latitude file (gnis.dd). GENERATE GNIS_DD INPUT ../GNIS.DD POINTS QUIT 7. BUILD with a point option is used to create a PAT file. BUILD GNIS_DD point 8. JOINITEM is used to join the remaining attributes to this spatial point file using the unique ID (GNISID). JOINITEM GNIS_DD.PAT GNIS.DATA GNIS_DD.PAT GNISID GNISID 9. Data is projected from geographic coordinates to statewide ALBERS (central meridian -83 30 00). PROJECT COVER GNIS_DD GNIS INPUT PROJECTION GEOGRAPHIC UNITS DD QUADRANT NW PARAMETERS DATUM NAD27 OUTPUT PROJECTION ALBERS UNITS METERS PARAMETERS 29 30 00 45 30 00 -83 30 00 23 00 00 0.0 0.0 END 10. Standard set of TICs for the State of Georgia added to coverage using ARCEDIT. AE EDITC GNIS EDITF TIC SEL ALL DELETE GET COPY /LIBRARY2/STATEWIDE/GEORGIA/TICCOV SAVE Q Revisions 2.1 Datum change from 1927 to 1983 (North American Datum of 1983) 2.0 This revision available from U.S. Geological Survey 1996. 1.0 This version was available from U.S. Geological Survey from 1986. Reviews_Applied_to_Data 1. Colleague review October 31, 1997 by Diane Burgoon and Jonathan Musser. Digital data was reviewed with respect to positional accuracy, contextual accuracy, attribute accuracy, topological consistency, and metadata content. 2. Approved by District Chief, Tim Hale, on November 3, 1997. 3. Review by Alan Sandercock, GGS and Jack Alhadeff, USGS agreed on the following revisions: a. Removed GNIS points from outside the state that were clearly mis-located. b. Streams outside state will be explained in metadata as: GNIS contains a pair of latitude and longitudes for stream labels. One set of latitude and longitude is inside the state, the 2nd may be outside the state. c. Other features whose mis-location could be explained by general error in the GNIS and accuracy of the 1:100,000 county boundary were kept. Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets none References_Cited Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987 Geographic Names Information System--Data Users Guide 6; Reston, Virginia Softcopy in hypertext format is available at: Softcopy in ASCII format is available at: Softcopy in WordPerfect format is available at: Softcopy in Postscript format is available at: Notes none Time_Period_of_Content Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 1981 Ending_Date: Present Currentness_Reference Unknown to present. Status Progress: Complete. Approved for distribution by District Chief. Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency U.S. Geological Survey GNIS database - as needed Digital Spatial Datalayer - irregular Spatial_Domain Bounding_Coordinates West_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.63337231 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.7088644 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.13425567 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.33663604 Keywords Theme Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: geographic features, feature names, place names Place Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: State of Georgia Stratum Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Temporal Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Access_Constraints none Use_Constraints Currency of Topographic quadrangle. Point_of_Contact: See Distribution_Information for contact information. Data_Set_Credit U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987 Geographic Names Information System--Data Users Guide 6; Reston, Virginia Security_Information Security_Classification_System: None Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_NT Windows_NT, ARC/INFO version 7.2.1 Cross_Reference Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1981 May 1 Publication_Time: Title: Geographic Names Information System Edition: 2.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Series_Information Series_Name: Digital Data Issue_Identification: Publication_Information Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Online_Linkage: http://nsdi.usgs.gov/nsdi/wais/maps/gnis.HTML Larger_Work_Citation: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data_Quality_Information Attribute_Accuracy Attribute_Accuracy_Report: See Entity_Attribute_Information Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment Attribute_Accuracy_Value: See Explanation Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section. Logical_Consistency_Report: Point features present. Completeness_Report This dataset contains information about physical and cultural geographic features identified by a proper name, with the exception of most roads and highways. Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy of these digital data is based upon the use of source graphics which are compiled to meet National Map Accuracy Standards. Comparison to the graphic source is used as control to assess digital positional accuracy. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 40 feet Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Resolution as reported Vertical_Positional_Accuracy Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: n/a Lineage: See Supplemental_Information for overview. Process_Steps Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF APPEND GNIS POINT ALL Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970107 Process_Time: 1429 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF RESELECT GNIS GA_GNIS POINT Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970107 Process_Time: 1454 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF PROJECT COVER GA_GNIS GA_GNIS.ALBGA Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970107 Process_Time: 1457 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF RENAME GA_GNIS.ALBGA GA_GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970109 Process_Time: 936 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF COPY GA_GNIS /LIBRARY2/STATEWIDE/GEORGIA/GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970212 Process_Time: 902 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF ARCEDIT /LIBRARY2/STATEWIDE/GEORGIA/GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970212 Process_Time: 1038 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS CREATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970212 Process_Time: 1108 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970212 Process_Time: 1151 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970213 Process_Time: 924 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970213 Process_Time: 1635 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: JWMUSSER COPY GNIS /M5/CD/DISK1/DATA/GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970515 Process_Time: 1149 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: JWMUSSER BUILD GNIS POINT Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19970610 Process_Time: 1606 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: EXTERNAL GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971006 Process_Time: 900 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF COPY GNIS /M5/CD/STATEWIDE2/DATA/GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971021 Process_Time: 933 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971104 Process_Time: 1050 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971110 Process_Time: 1112 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: JWMUSSER EXPORT COVER /M7/CD/STATEWIDE2/DATA/GNIS GNIS NONE Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971121 Process_Time: 1046 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: DMLECKIE DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE DMLECKIE Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971219 Process_Time: 1327 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: DMLECKIE DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE DMLECKIE Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19971219 Process_Time: 1351 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: BDMOUDRY DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE BDMOUDRY Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19980109 Process_Time: 1342 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: BDMOUDRY DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE BDMOUDRY Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19980109 Process_Time: 1351 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF ARCEDIT E:\GA_CD1\DATA\GNIS1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19981202 Process_Time: 1236 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF BUILD GNIS1 POINT Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19981202 Process_Time: 1236 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF RENAME GNIS1 GNIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19981202 Process_Time: 1425 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: ALHADEFF DOCUMENT GNIS UPDATE ALHADEFF Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 19990105 Process_Time: 903 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Cloud_Cover n/a ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information SDTS_Terms_Description SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 58865 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains' Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spatial_Reference_Information Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition Planar Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: ALBERS Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -83.5 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23 Latitude_of_First_Standard_Parallel: 29.5 Latitude_of_Second_Standard_Parallel: 45.5 False_Easting: 0.00000 False_Northing: 0.00000 Geodetic Model Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6,378,206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening: 294.98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Entity_and_Attribute_Information Detailed_Description Entity_Type Entity_Type_Label: GNIS.PAT Entity_Type_Definition: Feature Attribute Table (ARC/INFO) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: - Attribute_Definition: Feature Attribute Table (ARC/INFO) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: - Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: Degenerate area of point Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: PERIMETER Attribute_Definition: Degenerate perimeter of point Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: GNIS# Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sequential unique positive integer Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: GNIS-ID Attribute_Definition: User-assigned feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Integer Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: GNISID Attribute_Definition: Unique Identifier Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Integer Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAME Attribute_Definition: Feature Name or Place Name Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: FCLASS Attribute_Definition: Feature Class Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Valid Codes (in detailed attribute summary) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: COUNTY Attribute_Definition: County Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: FIPS_CODE Attribute_Definition: County Federal Information Processing Code (FIPS Code) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Interger (2 digit State FIPS Code + 3 digit County FIPS code Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: ELEVATION Attribute_Definition: Elevation Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character based on topo map labels Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: QUAD_NAME Attribute_Definition: 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle sheet name Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Latitude Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Numeric Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Longitude Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Numeric Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE2 Attribute_Definition: Latitude (2nd) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Numeric Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE2 Attribute_Definition: Longitude (2nd) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: numeric Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Overview_Description Entity_and_Attribute_Overview Attribute_Accuracy_Report: A random sample of 10 percent of the entries in the system were visually verified against the compilation source data (large-scale USGS topographic maps) to ensure an accuracy rate of at least 95 percent. Logical_Consistency_Report: Locative references (geographic coordinates, topographic map, and county) are cross-checked for logical consistency. The dataset contains records for named geographic features located in the United States, its Territories and Outlying Areas. The records are Organized by State (or State equivalent). Each record includes: the official name of the feature; the feature type; the county(s) in which the feature is located; the name(s) of the USGS 1:24,000-scale topographic map(s) on which the feature is shown; geographic coordinates locating the mouth of linear features and the approximate center of areal features, and coordinates locating the feature on each additional(if any) USGS 1:24,000- scale map on which the feature is shown; a bibliographic code referring to the source of information for each record, and other names by which the feature may be or may have been known. Some records include information about the history of the feature or the origin of the feature name. APPENDIX B.--Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Feature Class Definitions The feature class terms and abbreviations currently consist of nine or fewer letters and were chosen for computer search and retrieval purposes. They do not necessarily represent terminology for the identification of all kinds of cultural and natural features. Although some of the terms may agree with dictionary definitions, they represent more generalized categories. Some commonly used generics are listed in parentheses at the end of each entry to assist in understanding the range of cultural and natural entities represented by the term. Refer to the Reference Data Base to retrieve all generics thus far encountered in geographic names compilation. In most instances a plural form is listed as if it were singular; for example, archipelago or islands would be categorized as island. The terms and the definitions are as follows: airport - manmade facility maintained for the use of aircraft (airfield, airstrip, landing field, landing strip). arch - natural arch-like opening in a rock mass (bridge, natural bridge, sea arch). area - any one of several areally extensive natural features not included in other categories (badlands, barren, delta, fan, garden). arroyo - watercourse or channel through which water may occasionally flow (coulee, draw, gully, wash). bar - natural accumulation of sand, gravel, or alluvium forming an underwater or exposed embankment (ledge, reef, sandbar, shoal, spit). basin - natural depression or relatively low area enclosed by higher land(amphitheater, cirque, pit, sink). bay - indentation of a coastline or shoreline enclosing a part of a body of water; a body of water partly surrounded by land (arm, bight, cove, estuary, gulf, inlet, sound). beach - the sloping shore along a body of water that is washed by waves or tides and is usually covered by sand or gravel (coast, shore, strand). bench - area of relatively level land on the flank of an elevation such as a hill, ridge, or mountain where the slope of the land rises on one side and descends on the opposite side (level). bend - curve in the course of a stream and (or) the land within the curve; a curve in a linear body of water (bottom, loop, meander). bridge - manmade structure carrying a trail, road, or other transportation system across a body of water or depression (causeway, overpass, trestle). building - a manmade structure with walls and a roof for protect and (or) materials, but not including church, hospital, or school. canal - manmade waterway used by watercraft or for drainage, irrigation, mining, or water power (ditch, lateral). cape - projection of land extending into a body of water (lea, neck, peninsula, point). cave - natural underground passageway or chamber, or a hollowed out cavity in the side of a cliff (cavern, grotto). cemetery - a place or area for burying the dead (burial, burying ground, grave, memorial garden). channel - linear deep part of a body of water through which the main volume of water flows and is frequently used as a route for watercraft (passage, reach, strait, thoroughfare, through- fare). church - building used for religious worship (chapel, mosque, synagogue, tabernacle, temple). civil - a political division formed for administrative purposes (borough, county, municipio, parish, town, township). cliff - very steep or vertical slope (bluff, crag, head, headland, nose, palisades, precipice, promontory, rim, rimrock). crater - circular-shaped depression at the summit of a volcanic cone or one on the surface of the land caused by the impact of a meteorite; a manmade depression caused by an explosion (caldera, lua). crossing - a place where two or more routes of transportation form a junction or intersection (overpass, underpass). dam - water barrier or embankment built across the course of a stream or into a body of water to control and (or) impound the flow of water (breakwater, dike, jetty). falls - perpendicular or very steep fall of water in the course of a stream (cascade, cataract, waterfall). flat - relative level area within a region of greater relief (clearing, glade, playa). forest - bounded area of woods, forest, or grassland under the ad- ministration of a political agency (see woods) (national forest, national grasslands, State forest). gap - low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge or mountain range (col, notch, pass, saddle, water gap, wind gap). geyser - eruptive spring from which hot water and (or) steam and in some cases mud are periodically thrown. glacier - body or stream of ice moving outward and downslope from an area of accumulation; an area of relatively permanent snow or ice on the top or side of a mountain or mountainous area (icefield, ice patch, snow patch). gut - relatively small coastal waterway connecting larger bodies of water or other waterways (creek, inlet, slough). harbor - sheltered area of water where ships or other watercraft can anchor or dock (hono, port, roads, roadstead). hospital - building where the sick or injured may receive medical or surgical attention (infirmary). island - area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland (archipelago, atoll, cay, hammock, hummock, isla, isle, key, moku, rock). isthmus - narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. lake - natural body of inland water (backwater, lac, lagoon, laguna, pond, pool, resaca, waterhole). lava - formations resulting from the consolidation of molten rock on the surface of the Earth (kepula, lava flow). levee - natural or manmade embankment flanking a stream (bank, berm). locale - place at which there is or was human activity; it does not include populated places, mines, and dams (battlefield, crossroad, camp, farm, ghost town, landing, railroad siding, ranch, ruins, site, station, windmill). mine - place or area from which commercial minerals are or were removed from the Earth; not including oilfield (pit, quarry, shaft). oilfield - area where petroleum is or was removed from the Earth. other - category for miscellaneous named manmade entities that cannot readily be placed in the other feature classes listed here. park - place or area set aside for recreation or preservation of a cultural or natural resource and under some form of government administration; not including National or State forests or Reserves(national historical landmark, national park, State park, wilderness area). pillar - vertical, standing, often spire-shaped, natural rock formation (chimney, monument, pinnacle, pohaku, rock tower). plain - a region of general uniform slope, comparatively level and of considerable extent (grassland, highland, kula, plateau, upland). ppl - (populated place) place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population (city, settlement, town, village). range - chain of hills or mountains; a somewhat linear, complex mountainous or hilly area (cordillera, sierra). rapids - fast-flowing section of a stream, often shallow and with exposed rock or boulders (riffle, ripple). reserve - a tract of land set aside for a specific use (does not include forests, civil divisions, parks). reservoir - artificially impounded body of water (lake, tank). ridge - elevation with a narrow, elongated crest which can be part of a hill or mountain (crest, cuesta, escarpment, hogback, lae, rim, spur). school - building or group of buildings used as an institution for study, teaching, and learning (academy, college, high school, university). sea - large body of salt water (gulf, ocean). slope - a gently inclined part of the Earths surface (grade, pitch). spring - place where underground water flows naturally to the surface of the Earth (seep). stream - linear body of water flowing on the Earths surface (anabranch, awawa, bayou, branch, brook, creek, distributary, fork, kill, pup, rio, river, run, slough). summit - prominent elevation rising above the surrounding level of the Earths surface; does not include pillars, ridges, or ranges (ahu, berg, bald, butte, cerro, colina, cone, cumbre, dome, head, hill, horn, knob, knoll, mauna, mesa, mesita, mound, mount, mountain, peak, puu, rock, sugarloaf, table, volcano). swamp - poorly drained wetland, fresh or saltwater, wooded or grassy, possibly covered with open water (bog, cienega, marais, marsh, pocosin). trail - route for passage from one point to another; does not include roads or highways (jeep trail, path, ski trail). tower - a manmade structure, higher than its diameter, generally used for observation, storage, or electronic transmission. tunnel - linear underground passageway open at both ends. valley - linear depression in the Earths surface that generally slopes from one end to the other (barranca, canyon, chasm, cove, draw, glen, gorge, gulch, gulf, hollow, ravine). well - manmade shaft or hole in the Earths surface used to obtain fluid or gaseous materials. woods - small area covered with a dense growth of trees; does not include an area of trees under the administration of a political agency (see forest). Frequency of FCLASS Item for Georgia GNIS Item FREQUENCY FCLASS 1 408 airport 2 20 area 3 59 bar 4 47 basin 5 124 bay 6 6 beach 7 79 bend 8 548 bridge 9 965 building 10 24 canal 11 91 cape 12 5477 cemetery 13 135 channel 14 10226 church 15 187 civil 16 118 cliff 17 554 crossing 18 3277 dam 19 28 falls 20 40 flat 21 7 forest 22 479 gap 23 37 gut 24 289 hospital 25 479 island 26 908 lake 27 1 levee 28 2344 locale 29 25 military 30 101 mine 31 6 other 32 1173 park 33 9 pillar 34 252 po* 35 7221 ppl 36 7 range 37 13 rapids 38 4519 reservoir 39 263 ridge 40 4316 school 41 3 slope 42 209 spring 43 11306 stream 44 1040 summit 45 463 swamp 46 545 tower 47 50 trail 48 2 tunnel 49 381 valley 50 4 woods * po = Post Office Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Not Available ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Distribution_Information Distributor Contact_Person_Primary Contact_Person: Jonathan W. Musser Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Hydrologist Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey 3039 Amwiler Road Suite 130 City: Atlanta State_or_Province: GA Postal_Code: 30360-2824 Country: USA Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 770-903-9199 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jwmusser@usgs.gov Standard_Order_Process Digital_Form Digital_Transfer_Information Format_Name: ARCE ARC/INFO Export format File_Decompression_Technique: gzip Format_Name: SDTS Spatial Data Transfer Standards (FIPS 173) File_Decompression_Technique: gzip & tar Digital_Transfer_Option Online_Option Computer_Contact_Information Network_Address Network_Resource_Name: http://csat.er.usgs.gov/statewide/layers/gnis.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Metadata_Reference_Section Metadata_Date: 19990105 Metadata_Contact: Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608 Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Last modified: 2008-03-20